关于意大利黑手党的英文介绍,越多越详细越好

关于意大利黑手党的英文介绍,越多越详细越好
关于意大利黑手党的英文介绍,越多越详细越好

关于意大利黑手党的英文介绍,越多越详细越好
历史简介：
Mafia An international secret society originating in Sicily. In its modern form the Mafia (Italian ‘boldness’) can be said to date from the period 1806–15, when, under British pressure, attempts were being made to break up the huge estates of the Sicilian feudal aristocracy. In the 1880s many Sicilians emigrated to the USA and the Mafia, as Cosa Nostra (Our Business), became established in New York and Chicago. In the 1920s the fascist government in Italy brought Mafia leaders to trial, but some escaped to the USA, where they were active during the PROHIBITION ERA. After World War II, notably after the opening-up of the former Soviet bloc, Mafia activities spread worldwide, increasingly centred on the drug trade. The Mafia is also involved in organized prostitution, fraud, theft, and kidnapping. In the USA, the Mafia is notable also for its infiltration of legitimate business; for example, in transport, construction, gambling, and fast-food, and its use of these businesses for money-laundering. Mafia members are required to live by a code of silence and eschew all cooperation with legitimate authorities: any violation of this code is severely punished.
最近的新闻：
£200m Parisi mafia gang 'ran betting operation from London'
A multi-million pound mafia network used a British betting firm as a front to launder money according to Italian police who have rounded up dozens of members of the group and seized the company.

By Duncan Gardham, Security Correspondent
Published: 8:00AM GMT 02 Dec 2009
The Italians have frozen the assets of the London-based online betting site Paradise Bet as part of a huge three-year operation called Domino aimed at demolishing the Parisi gang in southern Italy.
The Italian police arrested 74 people and seized businesses, land, race horses and the London bookmakers.
Sources said they were aided in the operation by Britain’s Serious and Organised Crime Agency.
Lt Col Salvatore Russo, the police official in charge of the operation, said an additional nine warrants were issued for suspects already jailed on separate charges.
The confiscated assets total around €220 million (£200 million), officials said.
The 48-year-old head of the clan, Savino Parisi, was arrested on Monday night along with his closest associates, accused of attempted murder, drug trafficking, loan-sharking, interfering with the bidding process for public contracts and money laundering.
Among those implicated in the gang’s operation is the former deputy mayor of the city of Valenzano near Bari along with the city assessor who allegedly collaborated in laundering money through the construction of a €30 million (£27 million) university building for 3,500 students.
The Parisi clan also got a friendly businessman elected to the city council "to intervene whenever necessary," police said.
Piero Grasso, a national anti-Mafia prosecutor, said the operation "showed the true face of criminality" in the southern Puglia region.
"It's a criminality that is projected in investments, in businesses that suck part of the resources of this land and invests it abroad," he added.
Parisi built a fortune based on a drug trafficking ring between Italy and Serbia and was recently freed from jail after serving a 14-year prison sentence.
He immediately restarted his criminal organization, according to police, and "acquired full control of the territory and accumulated enormous wealth through crimes of every genre, from stealing trucks to kidnapping and loan-sharking with interest rates up to 300 percent."
The assets seized included the sporting goods empire "Sport&More" as well as Paradise Bet.
The arrests came as police cracked down on two other organized crime groups elsewhere in southern Italy.
In Palermo, Sicily, police issued arrest warrants for 11 people accused of helping the Cosa Nostra fugitive Salvatore Provenzano elude capture. Provenzano was eventually arrested in 2006.
One of his closest collaborators, identified by the Italian news agency ANSA as Simone Castello, 60, was arrested near Madrid, police said.
Separately in Naples, police seized €20 million (£18 million) in assets including a textile firm, land and apartments from the Somma-La Marca Camorra crime clan, a statement said.

Mafia, name for a loose association of criminal groups, sometimes bound by a blood oath and sworn to secrecy. The Mafia first developed in Sicily in feudal times to protect the estates of absentee lan...

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Mafia, name for a loose association of criminal groups, sometimes bound by a blood oath and sworn to secrecy. The Mafia first developed in Sicily in feudal times to protect the estates of absentee landlords. By the 19th century the Mafia had become a network of criminal bands that dominated the Sicilian countryside. The members were bound by Omerta, a rigid code of conduct that included avoiding all contact and cooperation with the authorities. The Mafia had neither a centralized organization nor a hierarchy; it consisted of many small groups, each autonomous within its own district. By employing terroristic methods against the peasant electorate, the Mafia attained political office in several communities, thus acquiring influence with the police and obtaining legal access to weapons.
Benito Mussolini's Fascist government succeeded for a time in suppressing the Mafia, but the organization emerged again after World War II ended in 1945. Over the next 30 years the Mafia became a power not only in Sicily but all over Italy as well. The Italian government began an anti-Mafia campaign in the early 1980s, leading not only to a number of arrests and sensational trials, but also to the assassination of several key law-enforcement officials in retaliation. Public outrage was tempered by the arrest in 1993 of the reputed Mafia leader, Salvatore Riina.
Beginning in the late 19th century, some members of the Mafia immigrated to the United States. They soon became entrenched in American organized crime, especially in the 1920s during Prohibition. After the repeal of Prohibition in 1933 ended most bootlegging, the Mafia moved into other areas, such as gambling, labor racketeering, prostitution, and, in recent years, narcotics. Links with the Italian Mafia were also maintained. As in Italy, prosecution of reputed Mafia leaders in the United States increased in the 1980s and 1990s.
Responsible groups of Americans have, at times, waged campaigns in the media to obliterate any assumption that crime in the United States is dominated by people of Italian descent, claiming that the existence of an American Mafia had not been fully established.

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